Bartlett, Donald L.,
and James B. Steele. Empire: The Life, Legend, and Madness of Howard
Hughes. New York: Norton, 1979.Project Jennifer was the U.S. effort to raise a sunken Soviet submarine from the Pacific seabed. A special vessel, the Glomar Explorer, was built by a mining company owned by Howard Hughes. On 12 August 1974, the Glomar recovered about half of the submarine, with two nuclear torpedoes onboard. Andrew, For the President's Eyes Only, p. 399, tells the story succinctly.
Bartlett, Donald L.,
and James B. Steele. Empire: The Life, Legend, and Madness of Howard
Hughes. New York: Norton, 1979.
This biography of Hughes includes a chapter on Project Jennifer.
Booth, Marilyn. "The
Jennifer Triangle: Hughes, Glomar, and the CIA." Harvard Political
Review 4 (Spring 1976): 17-25. [Petersen]
Burleson, Clyde W.
The Jennifer Project. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1977.
London: Sphere, 1979. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press,
1997.
Clark comment: The 1997 reissue of The Jennifer Project includes a new foreword and postscript. Commenting on the first edition, Constantinides says that there are things in this book "that make one hesitate to accept its reliability," and recommends Verner and Collier's book, A Matter of Risk, as a better source.
Burns, Thomas S. The
Secret War for the Ocean Depths: Soviet-American Rivalry for the Mastery
of the Seas. New York: Rawson Associates, 1978.
Petersen notes that this book includes a chapter on the Glomar Explorer.
Business Week.
Editors. "Did Hughes Really Build a Mining Ship? CIA's Recovery of
a Russian Submarine." 7 Apr. 1975, 26-27.
Eustis, Frederic A.,
III. "The Glomar Explorer Incident: Implications for the Law of Salvage."
Virginia Journal of International Law 16 (Fall 1975): 177-185. [Petersen]
Maheu, Robert, and Richard Hack. Next to Hughes. New York: HarperCollins, 1993.
Robert A. Maheu died at the age of 90 on 4 August 2008. See Matt Schudel, "Robert Maheu, 90; Tycoon's Aide, CIA Spy," Washington Post, 6 Aug. 2008, B5.
Surveillant 2.4 notes that this book includes a "somewhat breathless insider's account of Maheu's role in a small part of Operation Mongoose -- the code name given to the second Bay of Pigs operation.... [He] adds little that is new."
According to NameBase, "Maheu tells about his work for the CIA (he was the CIA-Mafia liaison for the assassination attempts on Castro).... But in the end Maheu sees himself as just another nice guy who got taken for a ride, and many of his readers will feel that there's still plenty he'd prefer not to share with commoners like us."
Stephanson, Jack. "The
Glomar Explorer Story -- A Prequel." CIRA Newsletter
23, no. 2 (Summer 1999): 37.
A brief note on the "precursor surface mission to the site of the Soviet sub" later raised by the Glomar. The stay on site included observation and harrassment from Soviet ships.
Varner, Roy, and Wayne
Collier. A Matter of Risk: The Incredible Inside Story of the CIA's Hughes
Glomar Explorer Mission to Raise a Russian Submarine. New York: Random
House, 1978. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1979.
Constantinides: "Collier was a contract employee of CIA in charge of recruiting personnel.... He is thus able to give first-hand details on arrangements for cover, personnel selection[] and training, and on technical characteristics of the Glomar Explorer." The author "acquired details on what happened during the ship's mission from talking to certain crew members, which is not as trustworthy as personal knowledge." Collier "has a tendency" on some subjects of which he had no direct knowledge "to make assumptions ... without making it clear they are only that.... [Nevertheless,] this is the best book on the subject until someone composes a better version based on either official records or first-hand knowledge of the project from start to finish."
Williams, David L.
Salvage! Rescued from the Deep. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allen, 1991.
Surveillant 2.1: Salvage is an "account of a number of ... salvage operations ... [including] the CIA's attempt to lift a Russian submarine" in Project Jennifer.
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