CRYPTOGRAPHY

General

H - M

Hagerty, Alexander. "An Unpublished Yardley Manuscript." Cryptologia 23, no. 4 (Oct. 1999): 289-297.

The author discusses an unpublished manuscript Yardley wrote about the attack on Pearl Harbor. Yardley's manuscript "contains more spin than substance" and "is merely a curiosity."

Haldane, R.A. The Hidden World. New York: St. Martin's 1976. London: Hale, 1976.

Constantinides calls this "a poor man's survey of the history of cryptography," and quotes David Kahn's review in Cryptologia for the view that this book is "inaccurate," "ill-organized," and "of no value." Less biting but also negative, Sexton sees the book as a "superficial synthesis based on previously published accounts."

Hannah, Theodore M. "Frank B. Rowlett: A Personal Profile." Cryptologic Spectrum (Spring 1981): 4-22. [Petersen]

In 1930, Rowlett was the first junior cryptanalyst hired by William F. Friedman into the newly established Signal Intelligence Service of the U.S. Army Signal Corps. He had a long and distinguished career in the Army, with the Central Intelligence Agency, and with the National Security Agency. Rowlett retired from NSA in 1965 after a brief stint as head of the National Cryptologic School. O'Toole, Encyclopedia, p. 398.

Hassard, John R. "Cryptography in Politics." North American Review 128 (Mar. 1879): 315-325. [Petersen]

Haswell, John H. "Secret Writing." The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine 85 (Nov. 1912/Apr. 1913): 83-92. [Petersen]

Kahn, David.

Kahn's seminal writings on cryptography are presented in a separate "KAHN" file.

Karpman, Gilbert. Cryptologie: Une histoire de ecritures secrètes des origines à nos jours. [Cryptology: A History of Secret Writing from the Origins to Today] Panazol, France: LaVauzelle, 2006.

Kahn, Cryptologia 31.3 (Jul. 2007), says that this work "refreshes our view of cryptology." The author "looks at the field in an original way and sheds a new light upon old knowledge.... This is an original and useful book."

Kelley, Stephen J. "The SIGCUM Story: Cryptographic Failure, Cryptographic Success." Cryptologia 21, no. 4 (Oct. 1997): 289-316.

William Friedman and Frank Rowlett cooperated on the design of a cryptographic device (Converter M-228 or SIGCUM) to encipher teletype traffic. The system was placed into service in January 1943. Rowlett discovered that the system was insecure, and achieved its prompt removal from service.

Kippenhahn, Rudolf. Tr., Ewald Osers. Code Breaking: A History and Explanation. Woodstock, NY: Overlook, 1999.

For Kahn, IJI&C 13.1, this "book, a collection of stories and elementary lessons about cryptology, lacks structure and is riddled with errors." Kruh, Cryptologia 24.1, cuts the author a bit more slack, noting that the book covers "a wide variety of topics with many interesting stories, including a few not widely known."

Kruh, Louis.

1. "An Armchair View of the Smithsonian Institution Cipher Machine Exhibit." Cryptologia 9, no. 1 (Jan. 1985): 38-51.

This article surveys (photographs of some of the machines exhibited are included) the Smithsonian exhibition "Cipher Machines: World War I-World War II."

2. "Early Communications Security in the U.S. Navy." Cryptologia 9, no. 4 (Oct. 1985): 324-331.

3. "The Navy Cipher Box Mark II." Cryptologia 6, no. 1 (Jan. 1982): 85-93.

4. "Reminiscences of a Master Cryptologist." Cryptologia 4, no. 1 (Jan. 1980): 45-50.

Petersen: "Frank B. Rowlett."

5. "The Shortsighted View of a Foresighted Admiral." Cryptologia 11, no. 3 (Jul. 1987): 156-159.

Petersen: "Adm. Hooper and Herbert Yardley."

6. "Stimson, the Black Chamber, and the 'Gentlemen's Mail' Quote." Cryptologia 12, no. 2 (Apr. 1988): 65-83.

Lowenthal calls this article a "[f]resh, well-researched look at one of the most famous incidents ... in U.S. intelligence history." Similarly, Sexton sees it as a "thorough examination of the circumstances and reasons for Secretary Stimson's withdrawal of State Department support of Yardley's Black Chamber."

7. "Tales of Yardley: Some Sidelights to His Career." Cryptologia 13, no. 4 (Oct. 1989): 327-357.

8. And Ralph Erskine. "Yardley Revisited, Again." Cryptologia 13, no. 1 (Jan. 1989): 85-88.

Kullback, Solomon. Statistical Methods in Cryptanalysis. Laguna Hills, CA: Aegean Park Press, 1976.

Petersen: "Written for the Signal Intelligence Service in 1938."

Laffin, John. Codes and Ciphers: Secret Writing Through the Ages. New York: Harper & Row, 1964.

Wilcox: "History of cryptography from early times."

Lambert, Mike [CAPT/USN]. "The Navy's Cryptologic Community -- A Transformational Phoenix?" U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 132, no. 10 (Oct. 2005): 74-75. Naval Intelligence Professionals Quarterly 22, no. 1 (Jan. 2006): 32-33.

"Rising from the ashes of decline, the Naval Security Group (the Navy's cryptologic community) is seeing the benefits of its transformation from a legacy signals intelligence (SIGINT) collection, analysis, and reporting organization to a truly multi-faceted 'information operations' organization."

Jacoby, "From the Chairman," NIPQ 22.3 (Jun. 2006): 3, takes issue with some of Lambert's commentary. Jacoby argues that "[t]he need [for change] can be stated in more positive terms.... The case might be better made by talking about relevance and integration of Navy's SIGINT and Information Warfare capabilities into the broader mosaic that is absolutely essential to dealing with the very difficult intelligence challenges of today's war."

Leary, Thomas (Penn). "Cryptography in the 15th and 16th Century." Cryptologia 20, no. 3 (Jul. 1996): 223-242.

Lewis, Frank W. Solving Cipher Problems: Cryptanalysis, Probabilities and Diagnostics. Laguna Hills, CA: Aegean Park Press, 1992.

Surveillant 2.4: "Covers classical cipher systems, how they have evolved and how they can be solved."

Lysing, Henry. Secret Writing: An Introduction to Cryptograms, Ciphers, and Codes. New York: Dover, 1974. [Petersen]

Mason, Simon. Secret Signals: The Euronumbers Mystery. Lake Geneva, WI: Tiare Publications, 1992.

Surveillant 2.4: "[M]ystery stations sending out coded numbers night and day, all over the shortwave radio bands."

McGinnis, George P. The Collective Works of Captain George P. McGinnis. Pensacola, FL: Naval Cryptologic Veterans Association, 2007.

Christensen, Cryptologia 32.1 (Jan. 2008), notes that much of what is here originally appeared in CRYPTOLOG. It "consists of 105 articles and 102 book reviews." These are mostly stories about people, not about operational matters.

Mendelson, Kenneth A., Stephen T. Walker, and Joan D. Winston. "The Evolution of Recent Cryptographic Policy in the United States." Cryptologia 22, no. 3 (Jul. 1998): 193-210.

Miller, David W. "Cryptanalysis Reexplored." International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 1, no. 2 (1986): 136-144.

Mollin, Richard A. Codes: The Guide to Secrecy from Ancient to Modern Times. Boca Raton, FL: Chapan & Hall/CRC, 2005.

Kruh, Cryptologia 30.1 (Jan. 2006), calls this "an excellent book with unique features."

Moore, Dan T., and Martha Waller. Cloak and Cipher. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill, 1962. London: Harrap, 1965.

Constantinides: This is an "introduction to cryptography and cryptanalysis," but also includes material on secret writing and other concealment forms. The authors give "historical examples and anecdotes that illustrate uses, misuses, successes, and failures of cryptology." The book suffers from being pre-Ultra.

Mrayati, Mohamad, Yahya Meer Alam, and H. Hassan at-Tayyan, eds. Al-Kindi's Treatise on Cryptanalysis. Volume One of Series, Arabic Origins of Cryptology. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies, 2003.

Kruh, Cryptologia 28.1, says that this work presents "the text of the oldest known manuscript in the world on cryptanalysis and offers a commentary by the editors on it." This is a "breakthrough discovery, excellent translation and invaluable contribution to the history of cryptology."

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