De Graaff, Bob, and Cees Wiebes. "Intelligence and the Cold War behind the Dikes: The Relationship between the American and Dutch Intelligence Communities, 1946-1994." Intelligence and National Security 12, no. 1 (Jan. 1997): 41-58.
De Graaff, Bob, and Cees Wiebes. "Intelligence and the Cold War behind the Dikes: The Relationship between the American and Dutch Intelligence Communities, 1946-1994." Intelligence and National Security 12, no. 1 (Jan. 1997): 41-58.
The article focuses on the now-defunct (since 1994) Dutch Foreign Intelligence Service (IDB), the Internal Security Service (BVD), and Military Intelligence Division (MID). The Dutch Navy's COMINT/SIGINT unit (TIVC) is also mentioned. The authors conclude that CIA ties with the BVD were closer and drew greater respect than the relationship with the IDB. The Dutch military preferred to work with their U.S. military counterparts.
Clark comment: I hope the authors are aware that some of us are not impressed -- in terms of either scholarship or accuracy -- by footnotes stating "Interview with former [CIA or IDB] officers."
Denniston, Robin.
"Research Note: Yanks to Lunch -- An Early Glimpse of Anglo-American
Signals Intelligence Co-operation, March 1941." Intelligence and
National Security 11, no. 2 (Apr. 1996): 357-359.
Urinary tract operations on GCCQ's operational head at Bletchley Park, Alastair Denniston, may well have forestalled one of the earlier efforts (the Sinkov visit) toward Anglo-American cooperation in the Sigint arena.
Dubois, Dorine. "The Attacks of 11 September: EU-US Cooperation against Terrorism in the Field of Justice and Home Affairs." European Foreign Affairs Review 7, no. 3 (2002): 317-335.
Erskine, Ralph.
"Churchill and the Start of the Ultra-Magic Deals." International
Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 10, no. 1 (Spring 1997):
57-74.
Erskine sucks dry available materials and concludes that "allegations of a double-cross or broken deal by 'perfidious Albion' [during the Sinkov mission in February and March 1941] are without the slightest foundation."
Glennon, Michael. "Liaison and the Law: Foreign Intelligence Activities in the United States." Harvard International Law Journal 25, no. 1 (Winter 1984): 1-42.
Gunter, Michael M. "United States-Turkish Intelligence Liaison Since World War II." Journal of Intelligence History 3, no. 1 (Summer 2003). [http://www.intelligence-history.org]
From abstract: "This article analyzes many specific examples of intelligence liaison between the United States and Turkey since World War II."
Herman, Michael. "Sharing Secrets." The World Today, Dec. 2001, 9-11.
Hess, Sigurd. "Intelligence Cooperation in Europe 1990 to the Present." Journal of Intelligence History 3, no. 1 (Summer 2003). [http://www.intelligence-history.org]
From abstract: This article "addresses the many forms of [European] bilateral and multilateral intelligence cooperation.... The many obstacles to the development of a European intelligence policy as well as the factors driving the intelligence cooperation are discussed. Whether EU members have the political will and enough financial resources necessary to implement the momentous Helsinki declarations of December 1999 will also set the pace for an European intelligence policy."
Hoekstra, Frits. "The Dutch BVD and Transatlantic Co-operation During the Cold War Era: Some Experiences." Journal of Intelligence History 3, no. 1 (Summer 2003). [http://www.intelligence-history.org]
Abstract: "The author recounts his experience as operational case officer of the BVD -- the Dutch state security service -- his relationship with MI5/MI6 colleagues in their dealings with the IRA, the Rote Armee Fraktion, and Maoists, in addition to his experience with CIA and MI6 in the 1980s."
Hulnick, Arthur
S. "Intelligence Cooperation in the Post-Cold War Era: A New Game Plan?"
International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 5,
no. 4 (Winter 1991-1992): 455-465.
Jakub, Jay. Spies and Saboteurs: Anglo-American Collaboration and Rivalry in Human Intelligence Collection and Special Operations, 1940-45. London: Macmillan, 1998. New York: St. Martin's, 1999.
Jonkers, AFIO WIN, 7 May 1999, notes that this book "is based almost exclusively on recently declassified OSS and British intelligence documents and survivor interviews.... Excellent reading for students of history." Wiant, Studies 46.1, comments on the author's focus on "how OSS matured as a field-operating agency and increasingly developed the capacity for independence from its early British mentoring."
For Smith, I&NS 14.3, this is "an excellent work which has cast much new and clear light on William J. Donovan and the COI/OSS." Jakub has provided "an organizational history of the COI/OSS, as well as a summary study of its field operations, stage by stage from 1941 to 1945.... [In addition,] he traces the stresses and strains engendered by the closeness of Anglo-American secret activity partnership.... The bibliography and notes of sources cited clearly show that the author has done his homework."
Johnson, Loch
K., and Annette Freyberg. "Ambivalent Bedfellows: German-American Intelligence
Relations, 1969-1991." International Journal of Intelligence and
Counterintelligence 10, no. 2 (Summer 1997): 165-179.
This article is very general in nature, but correctly projects that U.S.-German intelligence cooperation is likely to continue into the future despite occasional disagreement on political and economic issues.
Jones, Matthew. "Anglo-American Relations after Suez, the Rise and Decline of the Working Group Experiment, and the French Challeenge to NATO, 1957-59." Diplomacy and Statecraft 14, no. 2 (Mar. 2003): 49-79.
Lander, Stephen [Sir]. "International Intelligence Cooperation: An Inside Perspective." Cambridge Review of International Affairs 17, no. 3 (Oct. 2004): 481-493.
This article by the former Director General of the UK Security Service "has been adapted from a speech presented in October 2003 as the fifth annual Harry Hinsley Lecture at St John's College, University of Cambridge."
From abstract: "I believe that the threats faced by the West are such that a step change in multilateral cooperation is necessary, at least on those issues of collective security where all are affected by the same threats.... [The situation] argues, I suggest, for a new UKUSA Treaty involving not just sigint, nor just the Five Eyes allies, but also the key European players. The foresight of those nearly sixty years ago ... who negotiated the UKUSA Agreement has served the UK well. Perhaps the time has come for a new treaty for a new century."
Lefebvre, Stéphane. "The Difficulties and Dilemma of International Intelligence Cooperation." International Journal of Intelligence and
Counterintelligence 16, no. 4 (Winter 2003-2004): 527-542.
The author surveys both multilateral and bilateral relationships. He concludes that bilateral arrangements are "the preferred means of international intelligence cooperation." In essence, the purpose of multilateral arrangements are "more political."
Maddrell, Paul.
"British-American Scientific Intelligence Collaboration during the
Occupation of Germany." Intelligence and National Security 15,
no. 2 (Summer 2000): 74-94.
Abstract: "That they were fellow-Occupiers of Germany was ... central to the development of British-American scientific intelligence collaboration during [the Occupation of Germany]. Their intelligence agencies had to collaborate to do their job properly and in partnership they achieved in Germany the first significant penetration of the USSR's military-industrial complex."
McKnight, David. "Western Intelligence and SEATO's War on Subversion, 1956-63." Intelligence and National Security 20, no. 2 (Jun. 2005): 288-303.
While the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization's Committee of Security Experts (CSE) "provided a venue for liaison between security agencies in Southeast Asia and training for regional security bodies, its participating intelligence agencies proved unable to overcome [the] broader differences at the strategic and diplomatic level of their parent nations." [Clark comment: An egregious error occurs at p. 301, fn. 5, when "Charles" Colby is cited as the author of Honorable Men: My Life in the CIA (1978).]
Njølstad, Olav. "Atomic Intelligence in Norway during the Cold War." Journal of Strategic Studies 29, no. 4 ( 2006): 653-673.
From abstract: "Norway took substantial part in the Western intelligence effort against the Soviet nuclear weapons programme during the Cold War.... Whereas the tasks of surveying the development, deployment and possible employment of Soviet nuclear forces always had first priority, Western atomic intelligence conducted from Norwegian soil and waters was occasionally aimed even at gathering information about the geophysical and possible long-term medical and environmental implications of high-yield nuclear explosions in the atmosphere."
Priest, Dana. "Foreign Network at Front of CIA's Terror Fight: Joint Facilities in Two Dozen Countries Account for Bulk of Agency's Post-9/11 Successes." Washington Post, 18 Nov. 2005, A1.
According to current and former U.S. and foreign intelligence officials, the CIA "has established joint operation centers [Counterterrorist Intelligence Centers (CTICs)] in more than two dozen countries." At the CTICs, "U.S. and foreign intelligence officers work side by side to track and capture suspected terrorists and to destroy or penetrate their networks.... The network of centers reflects what has become the CIA's central and most successful strategy in combating terrorism abroad: persuading and empowering foreign security services to help. Virtually every capture or killing of a suspected terrorist outside Iraq since the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks -- more than 3,000 in all -- was a result of foreign intelligence services' work alongside the agency, the CIA deputy director of operations told a congressional committee in a closed-door session earlier this year."
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