O'Toole, Thomas, and Charles Babcock. "CIA 'Big Bird' Satellite Manual Was Allegedly Sold to the Soviets." Washington Post, 23 Aug. 1978, A1, A16.1. Ben-Ami Kadish
2. William P. Kampiles
3. Tyler G. Kent
4. Robert C. Kim
5. Daniel M. King
6. Karl F. Koecher
Materials presented chronologically.
Click for reportage on this case.
William Kampiles worked as a watch officer at the CIA Operations Center March-November 1977. When he resigned from the CIA, he took with him a copy of the technical manual for the KH-11 reconnaissance satellite which he sold to Soviet intelligence for $3,000. Caught, tried, and convicted of espionage, Kampiles was sentenced to 40 years in prison.
O'Toole, Thomas, and Charles Babcock. "CIA 'Big Bird' Satellite Manual Was Allegedly Sold to the Soviets." Washington Post, 23 Aug. 1978, A1, A16.
Aviation Week & Space Technology. Editors. "Former CIA Officer Arrested in Secret Satellite Manual Sale: The Case of William P. Kampiles." 28 Aug. 1978, 22-23. [Petersen]
Hurt, Henry. "CIA in Crisis: The Kampiles Case." Reader's Digest, Jun. 1979, 65-72.
Tully,
Andrew. Inside the FBI: From the Files of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Independent Sources. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1980.
According to Constantinides, the counterintelligence and counterespionage aspects of this book are all in one chapter and include three cases: William Kampiles' sale of the KH-11 manual to the Soviets, the Troung and Humphrey arrests and convictions for passing documents to the North Vietnamese, and the FBI's double-agent operation against the Soviets using U.S. Navy officer Lindberg. Tully adds little to our understanding of the three cases.
Snow, John Howard. The Case of Tyler Kent. New York: Domestic & Foreign Affairs & Citizens Press, 1946.
Constantinides calls this book "a rambling, incoherent, and disconnected political tract that adds nothing relevant to our knowledge."
Kimball, Warren F. "Roosevelt and the Pre-War Commitments to Churchill: The Tyler Kent Affair." Diplomatic History 5 (Fall 1981): 291-311. [Petersen]
Lownie, Andrew. "Tyler Kent: The Spy in the Code Room." Back Channels 1, no. 3 (Spring 1992): 16-17.
U.S. code clerk arrested in London in 1940 for spying; question remains, "Who for?"
Bearse,
Ray, and Anthony Read. Conspirator: The Untold Story of Tyler Kent. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1991. [pb] Read, Anthony, and Ray Bearse. The Conspirator: The Untold Story of Churchill, Roosevelt, and Tyler Kent, Spy. London: Macmillan, 1992.
Surveillant 1.5, 2.6: "Well-written, scholarly biography of American code clerk, Tyler G. Kent,... allegedly subverted by the Soviets ... and later convicted of stealing some 2,000 classified messages from the U.S. Embassy in London during the late 1930's and early 1940's.... Highly recommended."
Robert C. Kim, a civilian Navy intelligence analyst, was accused of passing military secrets to South Korea. Kim worked at the Office of Naval Intelligence in suburban Maryland. He was accused of supplying classified information to an employee of the office of the South Korean military attaché. (New York Times, 1 Apr. 1997, A10) On 7 May 1997, under a plea agreement, Kim entered a plea of guilty to one count of espionage. (CNN, 7 May 1997)
Gertz,
Bill. "Seoul to Recall Attache Linked to Spy Suspect." Washington
Times, 26 Sep. 1996, A1, 13.
Greenberger,
Robert S. "U.S. Navy Worker Is Charged as Spy for South Korea."
Wall Street Journal, 26 Sep. 1996, A9.
Hall,
Charles W., and Dana Priest. "Navy Worker Is Accused of Passing Secrets."
Washington Post, 26 Sep. 1996, A1, 14-15.
Johnston,
David. "U.S. Charges Navy Civilian with Spying." New York Times,
26 Sep. 1996, A10 (N).
Gertz,
Bill. "Naval Specialist Nabbed in Spy Probe." Washington Times,
27 Sep. 1996, A6.
Pae,
Peter, and Lena H. Sun. "Charges of Passing Secrets Puzzle Friends
of Suspect." Washington Post, 27 Sep. 1996, A18.
Smith,
R. Jeffrey. "Even Among Allies, Sharing Has Limits." Washington
Post, 27 Sep. 1996, A18.
Hall,
Charles W., and Walter Pincus. "Spy Suspects Refusing to Go Quietly."
Washington Post, 23 Jan. 1997, A9.
Robert C. Kim, Harold Nicholson, Earl Edwin Pitts cases.
Masters,
Brooke A. "Alleged Spy for South Korea to Plead Guilty on Lesser Charges,
Sources Say." Washington Post, 6 May 1997, A10.
Stout, David. "Naval Petty Officer Is Accused of Giving Russia Information." New York Times, 30 Nov. 1999. [http://www.nytimes.com]
According to military officials, Petty Officer First Class Daniel M. King, a Navy code expert, was arrested on 5 November 1999 and charged with "passing intelligence about submarines to the Russians while he worked in a Navy unit of the National Security Agency at Fort Meade, Md."
Timberg, Craig. "Court Rules Spy Hearing Must Begin Again Publicly." Washington Post, 9 Dec. 2000, B2. [http://washingtonpost.com]
The Navy-Marine Corps Court of Criminal Appeals ruled on 7 December 2000 that the court hearing of Petty Officer 1st Class Daniel King must start over because "more of the hearing must be conducted in public."
Counterintelligence
News and Developments. "Navy Drops
Espionage Charges." Mar. 2001. [http://www.nacic.gov]
"On March 9, 2001, the US Navy dropped all espionage charges against Navy Petty Officer First Class Daniel King. The officer overseeing the Navy's prosecution of the sailor stated in a letter that because of King's mental state during questioning, and the lack of corroborating evidence, he doubted the validity of King's confession."
Loeb,
Vernon. "Charges Filed in Failed Spy Probe." Washington Post,
18 Apr. 2001, A19. [http://www.washingtonpost.com]
The court-appointed military defense attorneys "for Navy Petty Officer 1st Class Daniel M. King filed military charges this week against three Navy attorneys and a Navy spokeswoman for their actions in a failed espionage prosecution brought against King in the fall of 1999."
6. Karl F. Koecher
"KARL F. KOECHER, a former CIA employee, and his wife, were arrested 27 November [1984].... In 1962 Koecher was trained as a foreign agent by Czech intelligence. He and his wife staged a phony defection to the US in 1965.... Both became naturalized citizens in 1971 and Koecher obtained a translator job with the CIA two years later where he translated Top Secret materials until 1975. Koecher ... was arrested after being observed making frequent contact with KGB operatives. According to Federal prosecutors, Mrs. Koecher operated as a paid courier for Czech intelligence until 1983. An FBI agent testified that from February 1973 to August 1983, Karl Koecher passed on to Czech agents highly classified materials including names of CIA personnel.... [T]he case never came to trial. On 11 February 1985, Koecher was exchanged in Berlin for Soviet dissident Anatoly Shcharansky." U.S. Department of Defense, Defense Security Service, Recent Espionage Cases, 1975-1999 formerly at http://www.dss.mil/training/espionage/ [no longer available online].
Kessler, Ronald. Spy vs. Spy: Stalking Soviet Spies in America. New York: Scribner's, 1988. Spy vs. Spy: The Shocking True Story of the FBI's War Against Soviet Agents in America. New York: Pocket Books, 1988. [pb]
According to Evans, IJI&C 3.3, Spy vs. Spy is "easy for laymen to read and entertains." However, the subtitle is misleading because the case of the Koechers, who were Czech spies, takes up "a large part or all of five of the nineteen chapters." Pollard, who spied for Israel, takes up most of Chapter 13. And Chapter 14 belongs to Larry Wu-Tai Chin, a PRC spy. The book "reflects ... many institutional prejudices and parochial viewpoints, especially regarding the CIA." Cram says this is an "interesting and useful compendium" that constitutes a "valuable contribution to counterintelligence literature on the FBI experience."
NameBase comments that "[m]ost of this book recounts the story of Karl F. Koecher and his wife Hana, whom Kessler interviewed in 1987. In 1965 they orchestrated a phony defection from the Czechoslovak Intelligence Service, after which Karl became a naturalized U.S. citizen, worked full-time for the CIA beginning in 1973, and continued as a contract agent after 1977. He ... spent many of his weekends as a 'swinger' at spouse-swapping parties with Hana. By 1982 the FBI's counterintelligence squad was getting suspicious. In 1984 Karl Koecher admitted that he had been spying for the East all along, and in 1986 he and Hana were traded for Natan Sharansky."
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